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Gap risk · Measured

Weekend Gaps: What the Data Says

A backtest fills a stop at the stop. A market that reopens past it does not. Across 28,075,555 candles, most gaps are trivially small — and the 95th percentile reaches 134.54 on Gold (XAU/USD). That tail is the whole story.
0.1GBP/USD median gap (pips)
30.9weekend 95th percentile
254.1largest in sample
1,594gaps measured
A caution about comparing these directly. Pips and index points are different units. Gold's 361.6 is measured in 0.1 increments and the Dow's 446.4 in index points; neither is comparable to EUR/GBP's 40 pips as a raw number. Ranking is meaningful within a unit family — the nine FX majors and crosses against each other — and misleading across them. Every figure below states its unit for that reason.

Gaps by instrument

InstrumentUnitMedian95thWeekend 95thLargest
Gold (XAU/USD)pips (0.1)0.2728.14134.541119.37
GBP/JPYpips0.232.9464.91314.7
EUR/JPYpips0.127.259.4270.1
USD/JPYpips0.120.636.66316.5
GBP/USDpips0.118.4330.9254.1
AUD/CADpips0.116.5926.0897.7
EUR/USDpips0.112.923.44163.5
AUD/USDpips0.111.0722.36158.5
USD/CADpips0.112.3420.4209.5
EUR/GBPpips0.111.9916.9571.3

The median is not the risk

Half of all gaps are smaller than a spread, which is why gap risk feels theoretical until it is not. The number that matters is the tail: one open in twenty on Gold (XAU/USD) jumps 134.54 or more, and the largest in this sample was 1119.37. A stop placed inside that distance was not honoured at its price.

What a backtest does with a gap

Most replay a stop as filled exactly where it sat. Reality fills at the first available price after the open, which on a gapped Monday can be well beyond it. The difference is not noise — it is the difference between a strategy that survives a bad weekend and one that only survives in the record.

The practical correction is to test what happens when the worst gap in this table lands on an open position, rather than to assume it will not.

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Questions

How big is a typical forex weekend gap?

Small — GBP/USD's median close-to-open gap is 0.1 pips. The risk is in the tail: the 95th percentile weekend gap is 30.9 pips and the largest in the sample was 254.1.

Which instrument gaps the most?

Of those measured here, Gold (XAU/USD), with a 95th-percentile weekend gap of 134.54 pips (0.1).

Do stop losses work over the weekend?

A stop is an instruction to exit at the first available price once the level trades, not a guarantee of that price. When the market reopens beyond it, the fill is beyond it too. That is exactly what most backtests do not model.

How were these gaps measured?

As the absolute difference between one trading day's closing price and the next trading day's opening price, across 1,594 such transitions per instrument.