{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "study": {
    "id": "xauusd-june-2026-market-tape",
    "title": "XAUUSD June 2026 candlestick data: daily range, hourly volatility, and M1 evidence",
    "published": "2026-08-31",
    "methodVersion": "current-xauusd-1.0.0",
    "targetPeriod": {
      "label": "June 2026",
      "startInclusiveUtc": "2026-06-01T00:00:00Z",
      "endExclusiveUtc": "2026-07-01T00:00:00Z"
    },
    "researchQuestion": "What did XAUUSD actually do in June 2026, day by day and hour by hour, in the current FXAbsolute M1 bid-price file?",
    "purpose": "Provide a human-readable and machine-readable audit of a recent gold month without forecasting, causal attribution, or a trading recommendation."
  },
  "source": {
    "provider": "Dukascopy historical bid prices",
    "productionFile": "public/data/XAUUSD_M1.bin",
    "publicUrl": "https://fxabsolute.com/data/XAUUSD_M1.bin",
    "format": "Four-byte big-endian candle count followed by fixed 20-byte records: uint32 Unix timestamp and four float32 OHLC values, all big-endian.",
    "timeframe": "M1",
    "priceType": "bid",
    "declaredCandles": 1989529,
    "bytes": 39790584,
    "sha256": "491fb3325ee1e68bb013b7626c00933efc6f6073ff77f5846ef870b80a77535d",
    "firstCandleUtc": "2021-01-03T23:00:00Z",
    "lastCandleUtc": "2026-08-30T23:59:00Z",
    "structuralValidation": {
      "duplicateTimestamps": 0,
      "outOfOrderTimestamps": 0,
      "nonMinuteTimestamps": 0,
      "invalidOhlcRows": 0,
      "flatCandles": 1678
    },
    "appendIntegrity": {
      "priorSnapshotCandles": 1871487,
      "priorSnapshotExpectedSha256": "b3472e52f51bae343be941a8e8fb6dbdbc8749896c907b6ef77144b9b8c5cd63",
      "reconstructedPriorSnapshotSha256": "b3472e52f51bae343be941a8e8fb6dbdbc8749896c907b6ef77144b9b8c5cd63",
      "priorSnapshotUnchanged": true,
      "priorSnapshotLastCandleUtc": "2026-04-30T23:59:00Z",
      "firstAppendedCandleUtc": "2026-05-01T00:00:00Z",
      "seamGapSeconds": 60,
      "appendedCandles": 118042,
      "note": "The current file header was rewritten with the new count. Reconstructing the old header over the unchanged prefix reproduces the exact SHA-256 published by the earlier FXAbsolute gold studies."
    }
  },
  "downloadableSlice": {
    "publicUrl": "https://fxabsolute.com/research-data/xauusd-june-2026-m1.csv",
    "rows": 30119,
    "bytes": 2578565,
    "sha256": "89723ebc6f73c0ff42f4ad83f7d2bb9f8f9bb4f50d0c8f24eef06af8965cbe47",
    "columns": [
      "timestamp_utc",
      "open",
      "high",
      "low",
      "close"
    ],
    "firstCandleUtc": "2026-06-01T00:00:00Z",
    "lastCandleUtc": "2026-06-30T23:59:00Z"
  },
  "june2026": {
    "key": "2026-06",
    "status": "complete",
    "firstCandleUtc": "2026-06-01T00:00:00Z",
    "lastCandleUtc": "2026-06-30T23:59:00Z",
    "candles": 30119,
    "observedUtcDates": 26,
    "observedUtcWeekdays": 22,
    "open": 4539.295,
    "high": 4545.695,
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    "low": 3941.528,
    "lowTimeUtc": "2026-06-30T01:07:00Z",
    "close": 4005.485,
    "openToCloseUsd": -533.81,
    "openToClosePct": -11.76,
    "fullRangeUsd": 604.167,
    "fullRangePctOfOpen": 13.31,
    "weekdayDailyRangeUsd": {
      "samples": 22,
      "min": 48.24,
      "p25": 77.25,
      "median": 91.57,
      "mean": 112.076,
      "p75": 150.598,
      "p90": 164.064,
      "max": 210.567
    },
    "weekdayDailyRangePctOfOpen": {
      "samples": 22,
      "min": 1.118,
      "p25": 1.836,
      "median": 2.106,
      "mean": 2.648,
      "p75": 3.496,
      "p90": 3.768,
      "max": 5.203
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    "weekdayCloseToCloseStdDevPct": 1.86,
    "observedUtcDatesIncludingSundayOpen": 26,
    "m1RangeUsd": {
      "samples": 30119,
      "min": 0.1201,
      "p25": 1.3601,
      "median": 2.02,
      "mean": 2.4298,
      "p75": 2.9897,
      "p90": 4.2803,
      "max": 42.8003
    },
    "flatCandles": 0,
    "highBeforeLow": true,
    "observedHighToLaterLowPct": -13.291,
    "recoveryFromLowToMonthClosePct": 1.623,
    "upUtcWeekdays": 7,
    "downUtcWeekdays": 15,
    "flatUtcWeekdays": 0,
    "upPriorCloseDates": 7,
    "downPriorCloseDates": 15,
    "below4000": {
      "threshold": 4000,
      "m1Closes": 1462,
      "shareOfObservedJuneCandlesPct": 4.854,
      "observedUtcDates": 4,
      "firstCloseBelowUtc": "2026-06-24T12:56:00Z",
      "lastCloseBelowUtc": "2026-06-30T06:25:00Z",
      "minimumM1Close": 3944.448
    },
    "rankAmongCompleteUtcMonths": {
      "completeMonths": 66,
      "returnRankAscending": 2,
      "medianWeekdayRangePctRankDescending": 8,
      "comparisonStart": "2021-02",
      "comparisonEnd": "2026-07",
      "nextWorstReturnMonth": "2026-03",
      "nextWorstReturnPct": -12.586
    }
  },
  "dailyUtcWeekdays": [
    {
      "date": "2026-06-01",
      "monthKey": "2026-06",
      "weekday": "Monday",
      "candles": 1380,
      "firstCandleUtc": "2026-06-01T00:00:00Z",
      "lastCandleUtc": "2026-06-01T23:59:00Z",
      "open": 4539.295,
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      "lowTimeUtc": "2026-06-01T14:00:00Z",
      "rangeUsd": 98.18,
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      "openToCloseUsd": -55.03,
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      "direction": "down"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-06-02",
      "monthKey": "2026-06",
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      "open": 4484.455,
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      "close": 4474.125,
      "highTimeUtc": "2026-06-02T07:14:00Z",
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      "rangeUsd": 79.48,
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      "openToCloseUsd": -10.33,
      "openToClosePct": -0.23,
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      "direction": "down"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-06-03",
      "monthKey": "2026-06",
      "weekday": "Wednesday",
      "candles": 1380,
      "firstCandleUtc": "2026-06-03T00:00:00Z",
      "lastCandleUtc": "2026-06-03T23:59:00Z",
      "open": 4474.095,
      "high": 4496.515,
      "low": 4423.685,
      "close": 4457.105,
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      "lowTimeUtc": "2026-06-03T22:16:00Z",
      "rangeUsd": 72.83,
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      "openToCloseUsd": -16.99,
      "openToClosePct": -0.38,
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      "direction": "down"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-06-04",
      "monthKey": "2026-06",
      "weekday": "Thursday",
      "candles": 1380,
      "firstCandleUtc": "2026-06-04T00:00:00Z",
      "lastCandleUtc": "2026-06-04T23:59:00Z",
      "open": 4457.215,
      "high": 4515.175,
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      "lowTimeUtc": "2026-06-04T01:00:00Z",
      "rangeUsd": 72.23,
      "rangePctOfOpen": 1.621,
      "openToCloseUsd": 4.16,
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      "closeToClosePct": 0.096,
      "direction": "up"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-06-05",
      "monthKey": "2026-06",
      "weekday": "Friday",
      "candles": 1260,
      "firstCandleUtc": "2026-06-05T00:00:00Z",
      "lastCandleUtc": "2026-06-05T20:59:00Z",
      "open": 4461.405,
      "high": 4475.645,
      "low": 4311.498,
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      "highTimeUtc": "2026-06-05T12:20:00Z",
      "lowTimeUtc": "2026-06-05T20:06:00Z",
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      "direction": "down"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-06-08",
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      "firstCandleUtc": "2026-06-08T00:00:00Z",
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      "rangeUsd": 84.96,
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      "direction": "down"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-06-09",
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      "weekday": "Tuesday",
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      "firstCandleUtc": "2026-06-09T00:00:00Z",
      "lastCandleUtc": "2026-06-09T23:59:00Z",
      "open": 4317.575,
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      "direction": "down"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-06-10",
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      "firstCandleUtc": "2026-06-10T00:00:00Z",
      "lastCandleUtc": "2026-06-10T23:59:00Z",
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    },
    {
      "date": "2026-06-11",
      "monthKey": "2026-06",
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      "firstCandleUtc": "2026-06-11T00:00:00Z",
      "lastCandleUtc": "2026-06-11T23:59:00Z",
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    },
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      "date": "2026-06-15",
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    },
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      "date": "2026-06-18",
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      "firstCandleUtc": "2026-06-18T00:00:00Z",
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      "direction": "down"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-06-19",
      "monthKey": "2026-06",
      "weekday": "Friday",
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      "firstCandleUtc": "2026-06-19T00:00:00Z",
      "lastCandleUtc": "2026-06-19T16:58:00Z",
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    },
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      "date": "2026-06-22",
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      "direction": "up"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-06-23",
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    },
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    },
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      "direction": "up"
    },
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      "direction": "up"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-06-29",
      "monthKey": "2026-06",
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      "firstCandleUtc": "2026-06-29T00:00:00Z",
      "lastCandleUtc": "2026-06-29T23:59:00Z",
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      "high": 4075.515,
      "low": 3999.918,
      "close": 4014.645,
      "highTimeUtc": "2026-06-29T03:22:00Z",
      "lowTimeUtc": "2026-06-29T14:15:00Z",
      "rangeUsd": 75.597,
      "rangePctOfOpen": 1.861,
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      "openToClosePct": -1.179,
      "closeToClosePct": -1.792,
      "direction": "down"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-06-30",
      "monthKey": "2026-06",
      "weekday": "Tuesday",
      "candles": 1380,
      "firstCandleUtc": "2026-06-30T00:00:00Z",
      "lastCandleUtc": "2026-06-30T23:59:00Z",
      "open": 4014.605,
      "high": 4063.205,
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      "close": 4005.485,
      "highTimeUtc": "2026-06-30T14:24:00Z",
      "lowTimeUtc": "2026-06-30T01:07:00Z",
      "rangeUsd": 121.677,
      "rangePctOfOpen": 3.031,
      "openToCloseUsd": -9.12,
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      "closeToClosePct": -0.228,
      "direction": "down"
    }
  ],
  "hourlyUtcWeekdayBlocks": [
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        "close": 4187.475,
        "highTimeUtc": "2026-06-22T01:00:00Z",
        "lowTimeUtc": "2026-06-22T00:00:00Z",
        "rangeUsd": 81.023,
        "rangePctOfOpen": 1.957,
        "openToCloseUsd": 47.46,
        "openToClosePct": 1.146,
        "closeToClosePct": 0.798,
        "direction": "up"
      },
      {
        "date": "2026-06-16",
        "monthKey": "2026-06",
        "weekday": "Tuesday",
        "candles": 1380,
        "firstCandleUtc": "2026-06-16T00:00:00Z",
        "lastCandleUtc": "2026-06-16T23:59:00Z",
        "open": 4315.375,
        "high": 4354.905,
        "low": 4306.665,
        "close": 4330.735,
        "highTimeUtc": "2026-06-16T12:59:00Z",
        "lowTimeUtc": "2026-06-16T00:27:00Z",
        "rangeUsd": 48.24,
        "rangePctOfOpen": 1.118,
        "openToCloseUsd": 15.36,
        "openToClosePct": 0.356,
        "closeToClosePct": 0.355,
        "direction": "up"
      }
    ],
    "weakestCloseToCloseDays": [
      {
        "date": "2026-06-10",
        "monthKey": "2026-06",
        "weekday": "Wednesday",
        "candles": 1380,
        "firstCandleUtc": "2026-06-10T00:00:00Z",
        "lastCandleUtc": "2026-06-10T23:59:00Z",
        "open": 4221.805,
        "high": 4228.105,
        "low": 4023.585,
        "close": 4046.855,
        "highTimeUtc": "2026-06-10T00:20:00Z",
        "lowTimeUtc": "2026-06-10T23:14:00Z",
        "rangeUsd": 204.52,
        "rangePctOfOpen": 4.844,
        "openToCloseUsd": -174.95,
        "openToClosePct": -4.144,
        "closeToClosePct": -4.144,
        "direction": "down"
      },
      {
        "date": "2026-06-05",
        "monthKey": "2026-06",
        "weekday": "Friday",
        "candles": 1260,
        "firstCandleUtc": "2026-06-05T00:00:00Z",
        "lastCandleUtc": "2026-06-05T20:59:00Z",
        "open": 4461.405,
        "high": 4475.645,
        "low": 4311.498,
        "close": 4326.705,
        "highTimeUtc": "2026-06-05T12:20:00Z",
        "lowTimeUtc": "2026-06-05T20:06:00Z",
        "rangeUsd": 164.147,
        "rangePctOfOpen": 3.679,
        "openToCloseUsd": -134.7,
        "openToClosePct": -3.019,
        "closeToClosePct": -3.019,
        "direction": "down"
      },
      {
        "date": "2026-06-09",
        "monthKey": "2026-06",
        "weekday": "Tuesday",
        "candles": 1380,
        "firstCandleUtc": "2026-06-09T00:00:00Z",
        "lastCandleUtc": "2026-06-09T23:59:00Z",
        "open": 4317.575,
        "high": 4363.205,
        "low": 4210.115,
        "close": 4221.805,
        "highTimeUtc": "2026-06-09T13:49:00Z",
        "lowTimeUtc": "2026-06-09T23:51:00Z",
        "rangeUsd": 153.09,
        "rangePctOfOpen": 3.546,
        "openToCloseUsd": -95.77,
        "openToClosePct": -2.218,
        "closeToClosePct": -2.219,
        "direction": "down"
      },
      {
        "date": "2026-06-24",
        "monthKey": "2026-06",
        "weekday": "Wednesday",
        "candles": 1380,
        "firstCandleUtc": "2026-06-24T00:00:00Z",
        "lastCandleUtc": "2026-06-24T23:59:00Z",
        "open": 4098.955,
        "high": 4111.965,
        "low": 3958.695,
        "close": 4012.205,
        "highTimeUtc": "2026-06-24T00:08:00Z",
        "lowTimeUtc": "2026-06-24T18:04:00Z",
        "rangeUsd": 153.27,
        "rangePctOfOpen": 3.739,
        "openToCloseUsd": -86.75,
        "openToClosePct": -2.116,
        "closeToClosePct": -2.118,
        "direction": "down"
      },
      {
        "date": "2026-06-23",
        "monthKey": "2026-06",
        "weekday": "Tuesday",
        "candles": 1380,
        "firstCandleUtc": "2026-06-23T00:00:00Z",
        "lastCandleUtc": "2026-06-23T23:59:00Z",
        "open": 4187.315,
        "high": 4198.435,
        "low": 4080.495,
        "close": 4099.035,
        "highTimeUtc": "2026-06-23T01:00:00Z",
        "lowTimeUtc": "2026-06-23T23:43:00Z",
        "rangeUsd": 117.94,
        "rangePctOfOpen": 2.817,
        "openToCloseUsd": -88.28,
        "openToClosePct": -2.108,
        "closeToClosePct": -2.112,
        "direction": "down"
      }
    ]
  },
  "methodology": {
    "calendar": "All month and date boundaries use UTC. A weekday row is one Monday-through-Friday UTC calendar date, not an exchange settlement bar or a broker-specific New York-close D1 candle.",
    "monthOpenClose": "Month open is the first observed bid open at or after 00:00 UTC on June 1. Month close is the last observed bid close before 00:00 UTC on July 1.",
    "dailyRange": "Highest observed M1 bid high minus lowest observed M1 bid low on each UTC weekday.",
    "hourlyRange": "For each fixed UTC hour on each weekday, high minus low is calculated only when at least 45 M1 candles are observed. Published hourly values summarize those qualifying date-hour blocks.",
    "return": "Open-to-close percentage return is close divided by open minus one. Close-to-close daily return uses the previous observed UTC weekday close.",
    "comparison": "Complete-month ranking excludes the partial first and current edge months in the production file. Historical-June and current-month comparisons are descriptive, not tests of statistical significance.",
    "priceThreshold": "A close below $4,000 means an observed M1 bid close strictly below 4000. It is not a claim about every broker, an ask quote, a futures contract, or a London benchmark.",
    "missingData": "No missing minute is forward-filled. Closed-market intervals are absent. Candle counts describe observed bid bars, not an assertion that every wall-clock minute should trade.",
    "limitations": [
      "Bid OHLC only; no ask prices, spread, volume, slippage, commission, swap, or executable fills.",
      "Float32 prices can differ slightly from a vendor interface that rounds at display time.",
      "UTC calendar bars can differ from broker D1 candles, COMEX gold futures, LBMA benchmark prices, and retail bullion prices per gram.",
      "This is descriptive historical evidence. It does not identify why gold moved and does not predict a future price."
    ]
  }
}